НАУЧНАЯ БИБЛИОТЕКА - РЕФЕРАТЫ - Industrial development of the African countries

Industrial development of the African countries

2

Moscow State University of Instrument Engineering and Computer Science

Abstract:

“Industrial development of the African countries.”

Executed:

МФ-ЭФ2-06-02

Binnat-Zade Elvin

Checked:

Valentina Manishova

Mozhaysk, 2008

Contents:

Introduction

1. History

2. Chemistry and processing

3. Environmental, social and cultural impact

4. Biofuels and bioproducts

5. Regional production

5.1. Malaysia

5.2. Indonesia

5.3. Australia

5.4. Benin

5.5. Kenya

5.6. Colombia

6. Health

6.1. Blood cholesterol controversy

Bibliography

Introduction.

Palm oil is a form of edible vegetable oil obtained from the fruit of the oil palm tree. Previously the second-most widely produced edible oil, after soybean oil, 28 million metric tons were produced worldwide in 2004. It may have now surpassed soybean oil as the most widely produced vegetable oil in the world. It is also an important component of many soaps, washing powders and personal care products, is used to treat wounds, and has controversially found a new use as a feedstock for biofuel.

The palm fruit is the source of both palm oil (extracted from palm fruit) and palm kernel oil (extracted from the fruit seeds). Palm oil itself is reddish because it contains a high amount of beta-carotene. It is used as cooking oil, to make margarine and is a component of many processed foods. Boiling it for a few minutes destroys the carotenoids and the oil becomes colourless. Palm oil is one of the few vegetable oils relatively high in saturated fats (like coconut oil) and thus semi-solid at room temperature.

1. History.

Palm oil (from the African Oil Palm, Elaeis guineensis) was long recognized in West African countries, and among West African peoples it has long been in widespread use as a cooking oil. European merchants trading with West Africa occasionally purchased palm oil for use in Europe, but as the oil was bulky and cheap, palm oil remained rare outside West Africa. In the Asante Confederacy, state-owned slaves built large plantations of oil palm trees, while in the neighbouring Kingdom of Daho